Islamophobia functions as systemic denial of Muslims’ religious liberty

Evidence

If Islamophobia is anything, it is the systemic denial of the free exercise of religious liberty to Muslims in the country that I call home, and even more sharply in places abroad—including Muslim-majority countries. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 368

Categorization

• DEFINE: Offers a crisp working definition of Islamophobia framing it as a free-exercise-rights violation rather than mere prejudice.
• XREF: Connects to Iftikhar’s global-treatment framing and the First Amendment free exercise lens used in legal scholarship on Islamophobia. — connects to: Mainstream defenses of religious freedom masked the racism and imperial logic behind Islamophobia — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 657; the MOC “The Enemy-Making Machine: How Ourselves, the True, and Every Other Are Built from War”