Islamic political theory fuses God and Caesar into one sovereign

Evidence

Islam is in principle, if not in practice, theocratic in another and deeper sense. Theocracy literally means the rule of God. And in this sense Islam has, in theory, always been a theocracy. In Rome, Caesar was God. In Christendom, God and Caesar coexist. In Islam, God is Caesar, in that he alone is the supreme head of state, the source of sovereignty and hence also of authority and of law. The state is God’s state, the law is God’s law. The army is God’s army—and of course the enemy is God’s enemy. — Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans, 1483

Categorization

• XREF: The Rome/Christendom/Islam trichotomy of sovereignty should be weighed against Said and other treatments of how Islam-West differences were schematized. — connects to: Islam differed from Judaism because it had its own sovereign state.; Islam is theocratic in principle since God alone is sovereign; Islam’s fusion of religion with state makes holy war inherently political
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