Islam holds God himself to be supreme head of state

Evidence

Islam is in principle, if not in practice, theocratic in another and deeper sense. Theocracy literally means the rule of God. And in this sense Islam has, in theory, always been a theocracy. In Rome, Caesar was God. In Christendom, God and Caesar coexist. In Islam, God is Caesar, in that he alone is the supreme head of state, the source of sovereignty and hence also of authority and of law. The state is God’s state, the law is God’s law. The army is God’s army—and of course the enemy is God’s enemy. — Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans, 1483

Categorization

Category: Definitional Content

• DEFINE: The three-way typology — Caesar is God (Rome), God and Caesar coexist (Christendom), God is Caesar (Islam) — crisply frames differing sovereignty structures.
• CANDY: The neat Rome/Christendom/Islam trichotomy of divine sovereignty is a memorable, tweetable framing.

Related

• Islamic political theory fuses God and Caesar into one sovereign (similarity 0.93)
• Classical Islam recognized one religious-political power rather than a church-state division (similarity 0.81)
• Traditional Islam lacks any church or priesthood structure (similarity 0.79)