Improvements among Amazon drivers stayed confined to subcontracted workers and did not scale.

Evidence

While the first phase of mobilization contributed to reducing the individualization and fragmentation of the workforce, it nonetheless still faced the resistance of Amazon logistics, the “head” of the supply chain—and thus its positive outcomes did not transcend the very specific constituency of workers employed by subcontracted companies. This limit notwithstanding, the introduction of collective bargaining to the sector opens up the possibility of further transformation for labor organizing ambitions. — Donatella della Porta et al., Mobilizing Against the Odds, 116

Categorization

• ADDENDUM: Supports the argument that the difference in solidarity outcomes hinges on labor-organization specifics rather than platform work in general.