Historical forms of anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim hatred vary fundamentally across time

Evidence

Yet the limitation of this kind of approach to studying the conceptual ties between antisemitism and Islamophobia across time is that we lose the critical importance of change over time—of an unfolding chronology. The relationship between Christian notions of Jews and Muslims is not the same today as it was one hundred, three hundred, or one thousand years ago—just as the Islamophobia of the war on terror is not the only historical form of anti-Muslim hatred, and genocidal Nazi antisemitism is not the only historical form of antisemitism. — James Renton, Ben Gidley (eds.), Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe, 72

Categorization

• QUESTION: This challenges the ‘shared essence’ framing — worth probing what the historical variation actually looks like at different periods.