Secular antisemitism is historically distinct from religious Jew-hatred, not its continuation.

Evidence

ANTISEMITISM, a secular nineteenth-century ideology—which in name, though not in argument, was unknown before the 1870’s—and religious Jew-hatred, inspired by the mutually hostile antagonism of two conflicting creeds, are obviously not the same; and even the extent to which the former derives its arguments and emotional appeal from the latter is open to question. The notion of an unbroken continuity of persecutions, expulsions, and massacres from the end of the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages, the modern era, and down to our own time, frequently embellished by the idea that modern antisemitism is no more than a secularized version of popular medieval superstitions, is no less fallacious (though of course less mischievous) than the corresponding antisemitic notion of a Jewish secret society that has ruled, or aspired to rule, the world since antiquity. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 16

Categorization

• DEFINE: Core toolkit distinction: antisemitism as secular nineteenth-century ideology vs. religious Jew-hatred — foundational terminology for the field.
• XREF: Directly scaffolds the Islamophobia field’s fundamental move: distinguishing modern race-thinking from older religious prejudice against Muslims.