Head size alone predicts interaural time differences well across azimuth angles
Evidence
The ITD varies from 0 μs to approximately 600–700 μs when the azimuth angle varies from 0◦to 90◦. The values derived by the spherical model match the measurements from real heads well, as shown in the figure. — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 1429
This equation can be used in conjunction with the extra path length due to the angle of incidence, which is now a function of r, as shown in Figure 2.24, to give a more accurate equation for the ITD as: — David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 707
Categorization
Category: Factual Claims
- XREF: Connects to binaural spatial audio implementation and the Woodworth spherical-head ITD rule used in HRTF synthesis.
- DEFINE: Establishes the spherical-head model that underlies ITD calculation.
Related
- ITD spans 0-700 microseconds across azimuth independent of frequency (similarity 0.88)
- Sound reaching the far ear must travel around the head (similarity 0.88)
- Interaural time delay calculations must account for sound traveling around the head (similarity 0.86)
- Interaural time difference ranges roughly 0-700 microseconds across azimuth (similarity 0.86)
- Ear offset from the head’s center makes arrival time shift with source azimuth (similarity 0.84)
- The ear sits 8 cm off-center, so source-ear distance changes with azimuth (similarity 0.83)
- Directional hearing rests on interaural time and intensity differences. (similarity 0.82)
- Head shading creates interaural level differences used for sound localization (similarity 0.81)
- Head separation between ears produces arrival-time and intensity cues for direction (similarity 0.81)
- Interaural level differences and time shifts trade off to control lateralization (similarity 0.80)
- Head orientation is necessary because interaural level differences plateau off-midline (similarity 0.79)
- Head, torso, and shoulder acoustics shape the localization cues reaching each ear. (similarity 0.79)
- Humans can detect interaural timing differences as small as ten to twenty microseconds (similarity 0.79)
- Ears detect direction changes as small as 5 degrees via 50-microsecond delays (similarity 0.79)
- Phase-based directional hearing works only below about 743 hertz (similarity 0.78)
Broader Connections
- Ear offset from the head’s center makes arrival time shift with source azimuth
#expands(0.80) — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 1416 - Head separation between ears produces arrival-time and intensity cues for direction
#expands(0.75) — David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 696