Garvey’s mass movement drew on an older Black nationalist tradition

Evidence

In the New World there were also changes. The systems of reconstitution of Black communities were, as well, assaulted by forms of forced labor: peonage, share-cropping, and less than subsistence farming. Moreover, Black workers were subject to displacement from productive land and to publicly and privately organized campaigns of terror and intimidation. Ineluctably, resistance was propelled toward new forms, new consciousness, and new ideologies. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 1434 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Western scholars long denied any coherent tradition of Black radicalism — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 393; Colonial reform arrived too late to halt Black elite nationalism’s radical turn.; The Black masses, not the intelligentsia, were the true source of the tradition. (+8 more)

Related

• Garvey’s nationalism was continuous with a longer radical tradition, not a unique phenomenon (similarity 0.86)
• Black nationalism formed a historical stage within a more universal consciousness. (similarity 0.84)
• Black nationalism arose natively from Black super-exploitation in the United States (similarity 0.84)
• Exploitation’s contradictions across the Black world produced radical ideologues. (similarity 0.83)
• Garvey’s movement drew the same Southern Black farmers who followed Bishop Turner (similarity 0.83)
• Garveyism drew the same Southern Black rural base that supported Turner’s earlier emigrationism. (similarity 0.82)
• Early Black resistance sought survival and consciousness-preservation, not revolution (similarity 0.82)
• Post-emancipation forced labor pushed Black resistance toward new ideologies (similarity 0.81)
• Black radical violence turned inward toward collective being rather than outward against the system (similarity 0.80)
• Black Marxism grew as a new vision centered on cultural corruption of race (similarity 0.80)
• Proletarianization was replacing Black Christian resignation with angry consciousness. (similarity 0.80)
• Black nationalism originated in late-eighteenth century emigration movements rather than with Garvey. (similarity 0.80)
• Western scholars long denied any coherent tradition of Black radicalism (similarity 0.79)
• Marronage gave way to communal Black radicalism nurtured and expressed in mass resistance (similarity 0.79)
• Black mass culture evolved from resistance to slavery and a racial social order (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Post-emancipation forced labor pushed Black resistance toward new ideologies #expands (0.70) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 1434
• Black nationalism arose natively from Black super-exploitation in the United States #corroborates (0.60)
• Slave communal practices preserved Black identity and nourished the radical tradition #expands (0.60)
• Black nationalism persists as a latent force that recurs during crises #exemplifies (0.50)
• The Black radical tradition produced its individual leaders rather than vice versa #complicates (0.50) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 800