Frustrated identity needs have never been shown to precede rather than follow radicalization

Evidence

Moreover, most of the reviewed studies assessed identity needs and indicators of extremism at the same point in time, making it impossible to establish the presumed precedence or even causal effect. Therefore, it is not yet established that frustrated identity needs are present before individuals are radicalized and not when they have already identified with an extremist group and adopted their ideas. Thus, future longitudinal or experimental research is necessary to determine whether frustrated identity needs are the driving force that cause individuals to identify with extremist groups and adopt extremist ideologies to account for their need frustration. — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 253

Categorization

• XREF: This is the crucial causal-order problem for the reader’s whole systematic review of identity mechanisms — cross-sectional designs cannot distinguish cause from consequence. — connects to: Some identity needs reduce rather than increase violent extremism — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 253; Both personal identity diffusion and integrative life-change identities affect extremism in single unreplicated studies — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 254; Personal crises precede and open receptivity to religious radicalization — Ryan Andrew Brown, Todd C. Helmus, Rajeev Ramchand, Alina I. Palimaru, Sarah Weilant, Ashley L. Rhoades, and Liisa Hiatt (RAND Corporation), Violent Extremism in America:…, 327 (+2 more)

Related

• Both personal identity diffusion and integrative life-change identities affect extremism in single unreplicated studies (similarity 0.90)
• Personal-developmental identity processes remain nearly untested in quantitative radicalization research (similarity 0.87)
• Some identity needs reduce rather than increase violent extremism (similarity 0.87)
• Despite theory treating radicalization as a process, most quantitative studies are cross-sectional (similarity 0.86)
• Identity diffusion predicts openness to all three extremist ideologies. (similarity 0.85)
• Identity fusion is the most statistically robust identity predictor of extremism (similarity 0.84)
• No single factor robustly drives radicalization across the sampled extremist cases (similarity 0.84)
• Integrated or dual identities can turn protective effects into extremism risk (similarity 0.83)
• Domestic radicalization is primarily psychological and emotional, not material (similarity 0.83)
• Alternative identities reduce violent behavior even when ideology persists. (similarity 0.82)
• Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman — The Putative Effect of Identity on Extremist Radicalization A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies (similarity 0.81)
• Personal crises precede and open receptivity to religious radicalization (similarity 0.81)
• Uncertainty alone does not cause violent extremism without moderating factors (similarity 0.80)
• A single core need drives both entry into and exit from extremism. (similarity 0.80)
• The radicalization literature overwhelmingly measures attitudes and intentions rather than actual violent behavior. (similarity 0.80)

Broader Connections

• Personal crises precede and open receptivity to religious radicalization #contradicts (0.80) — Ryan Andrew Brown, Todd C. Helmus, Rajeev Ramchand, Alina I. Palimaru, Sarah Weilant, Ashley L. Rhoades, and Liisa Hiatt (RAND Corporation), Violent Extremism in America, 327
• Both personal identity diffusion and integrative life-change identities affect extremism in single unreplicated studies #qualifies (0.78) — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 254
• Some identity needs reduce rather than increase violent extremism #qualifies (0.75) — Lea Echelmeyer, Anne-Marie Slotboom, and Frank Weerman, The Putative Effect of Identity on…, 253
• Perceived exclusion and injustice prime society-wide breeding grounds for radicalization #contradicts (0.75) — Holm Gero Hümmler, Ulrike Schiesser, Fact and Prejudice, 716