Frequency-modulated tones lose fluctuation strength above 1 kHz centre frequency

Evidence

If the level of sound fluctuates relatively slowly over a certain range of rates, between about 1 Hz and 16 Hz, a significant fluctuation strength may be perceived. When the modulation rate far exceeds 16 Hz, our hearing is unable to follow the level of sound, and the sound is perceived as rough, associated with the psychoacoustic quantity roughness. — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 1217 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Low-frequency noise fluctuates audibly while high-frequency noise is steady; Frequency-modulated tones grow louder only above roughly 20 Hz modulation — Professor Dr.-Ing. Hugo Fastl, Professor Dr.-Ing. Eberhard, Psychoacoustics- Facts and Models, 1297; Modulation frequency determines whether sound is heard as fluctuation, roughness, or multiple tones — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 1217 (+9 more)

Related

• Above 250 Hz modulation, frequency-modulated sounds behave as steady state. (similarity 0.95)
• Periodic modulation enhances perceived fluctuation strength beyond random noise (similarity 0.93)
• Modulation frequency determines whether sound is heard as fluctuation, roughness, or multiple tones (similarity 0.92)
• Low modulation frequencies produce fluctuation sensation while higher ones produce roughness (similarity 0.91)
• Fluctuation strength depends on the critical-band interval a frequency sweep traverses (similarity 0.89)
• Roughness is proportional to the product of modulation frequency and masking depth (similarity 0.88)
• Frequency-modulated tones grow louder only above roughly 20 Hz modulation (similarity 0.88)
• FM-tone fluctuation strength declines with center frequency above 1 kHz while AM does not (similarity 0.88)
• Slow sound-level changes are heard as fluctuation and fast ones as roughness (similarity 0.87)
• Roughness grows faster with modulation depth for tones than for noise (similarity 0.86)
• Amplitude-modulated tones produce three distinct sensations depending on modulation frequency (similarity 0.85)
• Fast amplitude modulations within a critical band produce roughness perception (similarity 0.84)
• An amplitude-modulated tone produces a three-line spectrum (similarity 0.83)
• Amplitude-modulated loudness directly increases perceived fluctuation strength (similarity 0.83)
• Humans are perceptually tuned to amplitude and frequency modulations across specific rate bands (similarity 0.82)

Broader Connections

• Modulation frequency determines whether sound is heard as fluctuation, roughness, or multiple tones #expands (0.85) — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 1217
• Frequency separation between two tones systematically shifts fusion, roughness, then resolution #expands (0.75)
• Wider peripheral tuning from hearing loss suppresses low-frequency fluctuation amplitude #qualifies (0.75)