French Muslims are branded by banlieue association regardless of where they reside

Evidence

Arab and “North African–origin individuals are often associated with the banlieues even if they do not live there,” observed Jean Beaman in Citizen Outsider, and they carry that distinctive mark of the beast wherever they travel. This reality, for Europe’s biggest Muslim population, was one that could not be dimmed. Particularly after 11/13, which seemed to confirm that ISIS and the threat of terror lurked in those banlieues, ready to attack Paris and global centers of civilization at any time. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 762

Categorization

• XREF: Links to the reader’s global-synthesis project with Iftikhar, showing how place-based stigma attaches to Muslim bodies irrespective of actual residence.