France’s hijab ban seeded copycat policies across Europe, India, and North America

Evidence

Policing the headscarf is a modern obsession with deep imperial roots, and the fountainhead of a gendered Islamophobia viewed as the vanguard for copycat policies across Europe, India, and North America. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 705

The Hijab Ban would plague Muslim women in France for years to come. It was followed in 2011 by legislation that barred Islamic face coverings; together, the two laws formed the flagship policies of a French Islamophobia that did not stop at the borders of the secular republic. The second and third waves would break out in Quebec, Belgium, and additional European nations that enacted copycat laws based on the French Hijab Ban. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 808

Categorization

• XREF: This is the exact state-learning-from-state mechanism the reader seeks alongside Iftikhar — France as policy fountainhead.
• QUESTION: Worth chasing: which specific copycat laws emerged, and how explicitly did they cite France?
• SEED: Angle: mapping the actual legal diffusion chain of the Hijab Ban as a case study in cross-state model exporting of anti-Muslim policy.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 705; Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 808