Equal gun ownership is treated differently by race and religion

Evidence

This transformation of Muslim identity into a racial identity has led to myriad assaults on Muslims’ religious freedoms. Similar to the racialization of Jews, Catholics, and Mormons a century ago, adherence to Islam imputes inferior biological and cultural traits to its followers. That is, to be Muslim is to be presumed to possess a pathology of violence, fanaticism, and despotism antithetical to (Christian) religious norms. — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 712 (#complicates, via linked claim)

I proffer that the explanation lies in how racism intersects with religion to racialize a religion’s followers and consequently excludes them from the panoply of religious freedom protections. Put simply, racialization causes a faith community’s religious freedoms to be circumscribed or denied altogether. The ways in which particular religious communities are racialized depend on both domestic and international factors unique to that group. For this reason, I limit my analysis to the experiences of immigrant Muslims. That is because the domestic factors contributing to the racialization of African American Muslims is starkly different, though certainly overlapping, from the domestic factors racializing Muslims who immigrated primarily from the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia. Similarly, relations between the United States and immigrant Muslims’ countries of origin influence their treatment legally and socially in the United States in ways that do not impact African American Muslims. — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 66 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Racialization lets a faith community’s religious freedoms be circumscribed or denied — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim: When Racism Quashes…, 66; Religious identity socially raced legally White groups historically and currently; Religious identity can become racialized by imputing biological and cultural inferiority — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim: When Racism Quashes…, 712

Broader Connections

• Racialization lets a faith community’s religious freedoms be circumscribed or denied #complicates (0.85) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 66
• Religious identity socially raced legally White groups historically and currently #complicates (0.85)
• Religious identity can become racialized by imputing biological and cultural inferiority #complicates (0.85) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 712