Dominating differs from leading in whether rulers concord interests with others.

Evidence

These nuclei did not wish to “lead” anybody, i.e. they did not wish to concord their interests and aspirations with the interests and aspirations of other groups. They wished to “dominate” and not to “lead”. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 549

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes domination from hegemony (leadership) — the core distinction of Gramsci’s theory, expressed here in its simplest form.
• XREF: This domination-vs-leadership distinction is the seed of full hegemony theory and connects directly to how Islamophobia scholarship treats ‘domination without consent’ vs. negotiated hegemony. — connects to: Political and paternal power are distinct in foundation and end, not the same thing. — John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 84