Critiques of symbolic racism failed empirical testing

Evidence

Symbolic racism was originally inductively derived to describe public opinion, and so not rigorously conceptualized. For this reason, and partly as a result of the popularity of the Reagan era’s market-based political conservatism, the idea of symbolic racism came under vigorous attack (e.g., Sniderman & Tetlock, 1986). Overall, however, those critiques of the symbolic racism concept have not been strongly supported once tested empirically (for reviews, see Hutchings & Valentino, 2004; Krysan, 2000; Sears & Henry, in press). — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2177 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Symbolic racism’s discriminant validity from allied constructs is empirically testable — Christopher Tarman and David O. Sears, The Conceptualization and Measurement…, 147; Response biases fail to explain symbolic racism’s predictive findings — Christopher Tarman and David O. Sears, The Conceptualization and Measurement…, 227; Symbolic racism has survived empirical tests of its critiques — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2177 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• Symbolic racism has survived empirical tests of its critiques #corroborates (0.97) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2177