Counterterrorism politics conflate cultural difference with disloyalty to the state.

Evidence

In the climate of the war on terror, the notion of ‘alien’ cultural allegiances overlaps with notions of loyalty and national security, so that the cultural and religious values of Muslim immigrants are deemed to indicate not just their willingness to integrate but their loyalty to the state. — Matt Carr, You Are Now Entering Eurabia, 92

Categorization

• QUESTION: Does this conflation survive the formal end of the war on terror framing, or has it become permanent infrastructure of European immigration law?
• XREF: Echoes The Reluctant Fundamentalist, where Changez’s loyalty is read off his appearance and cultural habits rather than his actions.