Citizenship and nationality became juridically fused only over time

Evidence

Even though there was originally no conceptual link between citizenship and national identity or even nationality (Habermas, 1994), the boundaries between these categories have progressively been juridically blurred (Touraine, 1994): the individual enjoys the rights associated with citizenship (civil, political, social) because she or he belongs to a political community defined as a nation - the nation-state. In order to get full substantial citizenship rights, formal citizenship - that is, a juridically recognized belonging to the nation — is required. Modern citizenship is therefore largely national. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 816 (#expands, via linked claim)

For example, the English word citizenship can be translated in French by citoyennete but also by nationalite. The distinction between nationalite and citoyennete covers approximately the distinction between formal citizenship and substantive citizenship. The former refers to a formal link between an individual and a state, to the individual belonging to a nation-state which is juridically sanctioned by the possession of an identity card or passport of that state. The latter refers to the bundle of civil, political, social, and also cultural rights enjoyed by an individual, traditionally by virtue of her or his belonging to the national community. It also refers to the participation of the individual in the management of the public affairs of a given national and political community. These realities are clearly linked but they as clearly need to be distinguished. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 812 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Modern citizenship has become juridically fused with national identity — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 816; Formal citizenship (nationality) and substantive citizenship (rights) are distinct despite being linked — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 812; National identity rests on an unstable blend of law and likeness (+1 more)

Broader Connections

• Modern citizenship has become juridically fused with national identity #expands (0.95) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 816
• Formal citizenship (nationality) and substantive citizenship (rights) are distinct despite being linked #complicates (0.78) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 812