Formal citizenship (nationality) and substantive citizenship (rights) are distinct despite being linked

Evidence

For example, the English word citizenship can be translated in French by citoyennete but also by nationalite. The distinction between nationalite and citoyennete covers approximately the distinction between formal citizenship and substantive citizenship. The former refers to a formal link between an individual and a state, to the individual belonging to a nation-state which is juridically sanctioned by the possession of an identity card or passport of that state. The latter refers to the bundle of civil, political, social, and also cultural rights enjoyed by an individual, traditionally by virtue of her or his belonging to the national community. It also refers to the participation of the individual in the management of the public affairs of a given national and political community. These realities are clearly linked but they as clearly need to be distinguished. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 812

Categorization

• DEFINE: Provides a clean working distinction between formal/juridical citizenship and substantive/rights-based citizenship.
• XREF: connects to: Formal citizenship (legal membership) differs from substantive citizenship (actual rights enjoyed) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 812; State commissions manufactured ethnic categories and attached graded citizenship rights to them — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 560