Christian polemicists charged the Qur’an with asserting and denying the same doctrines.

Evidence

If there were no other evidence than these, it would be known that what Muhammad said was not of God. The Qur’an, he said, both asserted and denied that Islam should be enforced, that Christians might be saved, that God at the Last Day would reprobate the wicked; it both forbade and permitted augury; it asserted rightly that good is from God and sin from men, but then said that both good and evil are of God; it claimed both that God would judge the world and that good and evil are predetermined. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 361

Categorization

• QUESTION: Did medieval Muslim exegetes themselves debate these apparent contradictions, and how did Qur’anic hermeneutics handle them before European polemics?