Children of Color suffer simultaneous special-education, gifted, and discipline inequities.

Evidence

Scientists know that, developmentally, when children are sick or hurt, or confused or angry, one of the ways they express those feelings is through acting out, because children have difficulty identifying and communicating complex feelings (over things like hunger or parental incarceration or police harassment). While misbehaving White children have received compassion and tolerance—as they should—misbehaving Black children have been more likely to hear “No Excuses” and to be on the receiving end of zero tolerance and handcuffs. More than 70 percent of students arrested at school during the 2009–2010 school year were Black or Latina/o, according to Department of Education statistics. — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 1187 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

Study after sociological study has shown that white teachers treat the comparable expressive behavior of black students considerably more harshly or dismissively than that of white students. Schools attended largely by black and Latino children – those in inner-city neighborhoods – offer far fewer college eligible courses than dominantly white (neighborhood) schools. This makes access to better colleges more challenging for black and brown students than for whites (for one, it depresses their matriculation year grade point average, thus rendering them academically less competitive). George Lipsitz has insightfully characterized these sorts of privileges as the “possessive investment in whiteness.” Affirmative action was a relatively soft intrusion into reversing these constraints, but the increasingly strident attack on supposed preferential treatment over the past 15 years has dramatically limited the program’s (potential) impact. This exemplifies the cumulative weight resulting from the interaction between everyday and structural racisms that linger long in societies so deeply marked by histories of racial exclusion and humiliation. — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 423 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Double consciousness fractures identity by measuring oneself through others’ contemptuous eyes. — James D. Kirylo (ed.), Reinventing Pedagogy of the Oppressed:…, 267; School curricula encode racial hierarchies that erase children of Color’s culture. — James D. Kirylo (ed.), Reinventing Pedagogy of the Oppressed:…, 260; Schools fail racial minorities through neglect and hostile climates (+5 more)

Related

• School discipline punishes identical child behavior differently by race (similarity 0.88)
• Racial bias distorts early childhood schooling outcomes for children of color (similarity 0.88)
• Everyday teacher bias and structural school resourcing interact to accumulate racial disadvantage. (similarity 0.86)
• Schools apply different sanctions by class, race, and gender. (similarity 0.83)
• School curricula encode racial hierarchies that erase children of Color’s culture. (similarity 0.81)
• Concrete school discipline differences reveal unequal freedom and expectations by race (similarity 0.80)
• Racial disadvantage compounds because everyday and structural discrimination interact cumulatively. (similarity 0.80)
• Standardized early childhood curricula encode a white-supremacist moral color hierarchy (similarity 0.79)
• Racial disparity in school punishment is structural and not explained by behavior or poverty (similarity 0.79)

Broader Connections

• Schools fail racial minorities through neglect and hostile climates #expands (0.80)
• School discipline punishes identical child behavior differently by race #exemplifies (0.80) — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 1187
• Everyday teacher bias and structural school resourcing interact to accumulate racial disadvantage. #corroborates (0.80) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 423
• Disability and racial difference are fused into a single category of moral monstrosity #expands (0.75)
• White teachers have deliberately suppressed black students’ grades. #expands (0.75)