Schools apply different sanctions by class, race, and gender.

Evidence

We have emphasized elements on the “hidden curriculum” faced in varying degrees by all students. But schools do different things to different children. Boys and girls, blacks and whites, rich and poor are treated differently. Affluent suburban schools, working-class schools, and ghetto schools all exhibit a distinctive pattern of sanctions and rewards. — Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America, 514

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: School discipline punishes identical child behavior differently by race — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning: The…, 1187; Concrete school discipline differences reveal unequal freedom and expectations by race — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black: How Race Still…, 543; Schools serve as the machinery that manufactures differentiated intellectual strata (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• School discipline punishes identical child behavior differently by race #corroborates (1.00) — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 1187
• Concrete school discipline differences reveal unequal freedom and expectations by race #corroborates (0.90) — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black, 543
• Racial disparity in school punishment is structural and not explained by behavior or poverty #expands (0.88) — , The Rod and the Child, 7420
• School officials punished the victim of a racial hate crime instead of its perpetrators. #exemplifies (0.85) — Neda Maghbouleh, The Limits of Whiteness, 296
• Children of Color suffer simultaneous special-education, gifted, and discipline inequities. #expands (0.80)
• Schools fail racial minorities through neglect and hostile climates #corroborates (0.75)
• Schools serve as the machinery that manufactures differentiated intellectual strata #expands (0.72)
• A school’s social character comes from perpetuating a group’s class function #qualifies (0.72)