After the 2015 attacks, visibly Muslim people in France were presumed banlieue residents

Evidence

This was virgin territory for the other side of Paris and the whole of France, which had just experienced its deadliest modern terror attack, an attack orchestrated by eleven Arab and North African men from Saint-Denis, Clichy-sous-Bois, and other banlieues on the margins of Paris and beyond. Which meant that Malik and Médine and anybody who looked the part, anybody who “looked Muslim,” even tourists like myself, were presumed to be from the banlieue. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 753

Categorization

• DEFINE: Establishes ‘looked Muslim’ as a racialized visual marker that discriminates independent of actual residence or citizenship — a concept central to the global Islamophobia thesis.