Across intermarried and non-intermarried families only elders construct whiteness

Evidence

In fact, nearly one-quarter were raised in mixed households that included a non-Iranian parent or stepparent. Yet, across al families, when the “What race are we?” conversation came up, as it often did, white Iranian identities were exclusively constructed and fostered by elders. That is, in accounts by youth of everyday household talk, Iranianness was made synonymous with whiteness through a constel ation of mutually reinforcing, deeply racial explanations offered by parents and other older adults. — Neda Maghbouleh, The Limits of Whiteness, 173