A system tolerates and rewards dissent that stays within its boundaries

Evidence

The dissenting author does not just fulfill the function of “loyal opposition,” which no doubt she does; she also engages in changing the system from within, rendering it stronger and more robust. John Maynard Keynes is a typical example in point; his dissenting economic theories managed to displace earlier ones and to acquire wide influence and application, but there is nothing in Keynes’s dissenting works that interrogates or attempts to challenge the theoretical foundations of capitalism, its validity, or the larger principles of its practice in the world. His theories were intended, and in fact were used, to improve the system, the perception—at least—being that the system would have suffered without his contributions. At least until Milton Freedman appeared on the scene as a strong challenger, Keynes’s “authorial” output was thought to strengthen capitalism and enhance its efficiency. It is noteworthy that because the correction, whatever kind, happens inside the larger boundaries of the system, or what the system can tolerate, the dissenting author in turn is not only tolerated but usually welcomed and clothed with prestige, it being the case that his or her dissent, due to the perception of originality and innovation, is regarded as either improving on the system or cautioning against faults that may cause it to decline or suffer in one way or another. — Wael Hallaq, Restating Orientalism, 340

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the Milgrom law-merchant material on how institutions absorb and strengthen through internal correction, and to Scott’s ‘seeing like a state’ logic of managed reform. — connects to: Dissent is neutralized by demands for a universal alternative system — Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment, 227; Critics are implicated in the systems they condemn; The system neutralizes opposition by absorbing critique into indifference — Jean Baudrillard, Simulacra and Simulation, 539 (+14 more)
• SEED: Angle: ‘What dissent does a system purchase with prestige?’ — a piece on how credentialed criticism functions as a strengthening mechanism across economics, academia, and journalism.