World War I revealed nationalist loyalties overriding international worker solidarity

Evidence

In Germany, this objectification was started more nearly by means of theory, in as much as the personal and individualistic nature of antagonism was overcome by the more abstract and general character of the historical and class movement. In England, it was launched by the trade unions and was furthered by the rigorously supra-individual unity of their actions and those of the corresponding federations of entrepreneurs. The violence of the fight, however, has not decreased for that. On the contrary, it has become more pointed, concentrated, and at the same time more comprehensive, owing to the consciousness of the individual involved that he fights not only for himself, and often not for himself at all, but for a great super-personal aim. — Georg Simmel, on individuality and social forms_…, 307 (#expands, via linked claim)

In the political field, nationalism is the fact against which the Marxist theory breaks itself. Here is a force which has proved definitely stronger in the modern world than the class struggle which for orthodox Marxists makes the essence of history. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 362 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

It was indeed nationalism, a second “bourgeois” accretion, that most subverted the socialist creation. Nationalism, as a mix of racial sensibility and the economic interests of the national bourgeoisies, was as powerful an ideological impulse as any spawned from these strata. As an acquired temper and as a historical force met on the fields of social and political revolution, nationalism bemused the founders of historical materialism and those who followed them. It was to overtake both the direction of capitalist development and eventually the formative structures of socialist societies as they appeared in the present century. The historical trajectories of those developments, again, were almost entirely unexpected in a theoretical universe from which it had been discerned that ideology and false consciousness were supposedly being expelled. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 116 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Britain’s World War I protectorate over Egypt triggered nationalist delegations denied passports; Supranationalist class identity among English workers retreated before nationalism; Nationalism proved stronger than the class struggle in the modern world — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 362 (+7 more)

Related

• World War I nationalism destroyed international worker solidarity and the Second International (similarity 0.85)
• World War I dissolved international socialist solidarity through working-class nationalism (similarity 0.85)
• Supranationalist class identity among English workers retreated before nationalism (similarity 0.85)
• English nationalism displaced class solidarity after Chartism’s defeat. (similarity 0.85)
• Germany and England objectified class struggle through different institutional routes (similarity 0.84)
• Nationalism proved stronger than the class struggle in the modern world (similarity 0.83)
• War solidarity inspired a proto-fascist national socialism bridging capital and labor (similarity 0.81)
• British socialism’s unique history shaped its trade-unionist character (similarity 0.80)
• Nationalism subverted socialism and overtook capitalist development worldwide (similarity 0.80)
• An international class must nationalise itself to lead nationally-rooted social strata (similarity 0.79)
• Nationalism defeated the Second International yet undergirded the Third International’s Marxism (similarity 0.79)
• Anti-war movements reduced socialism to anti-colonial nationalism (similarity 0.79)

Broader Connections

• Nationalism proved stronger than the class struggle in the modern world #corroborates (0.75) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 362
• Germany and England objectified class struggle through different institutional routes #expands (0.75) — Georg Simmel, on individuality and social forms_…, 307
• Nationalism subverted socialism and overtook capitalist development worldwide #corroborates (0.65) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 116
• Racially conscious working-class nationalism emerged from English class formation #expands (0.50) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 234
• Capitalism’s global unification paradoxically generated nationalism as fragmentation #complicates (0.45)
• Ethnic nationalism within the party defeated Americanizing Marxism #exemplifies (0.40)