Worker councils structurally rotated leadership to keep power with workers.

Evidence

In Italy, the turnover of factory commissars every six months— and their “obligation to announce frequent referenda in their departments on social and technical questions and hold frequent assemblies”— institutionalized the urge to keep the decisionmaking power with the workers themselves. — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order, 538

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the Milgrom law-merchant material in the reader’s library: both are cases of self-governing institutions using rotation and frequent assemblies to enforce participation and prevent capture. — connects to: Works councils failed to dominate as workers’ representatives by the late 1950s — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 2072; Factory councils aimed to merge economics and politics through workers’ control — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order: How Economists…, 581; Rank-and-file shop committees turned strikes into organs of workers’ control — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order: How Economists…, 475 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• Factory councils aimed to merge economics and politics through workers’ control #expands (0.85) — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order, 581
• Rank-and-file shop committees turned strikes into organs of workers’ control #exemplifies (0.80) — Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order, 475
• Power circulates through networks rather than being possessed by rulers #expands (0.75) — Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended, 47
• A political leader can be a collective body with shifting individual spokesmen #exemplifies (0.75) — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 942