War of position replaced war of movement as politics after the 1921 setback

Evidence

This ideology thus serves as an element of a “war of position” in the international economic field (free competition and free exchange here corresponding to the war of movement), just as “passive revolution” does in the political field. In Europe from 1789 to 1870 there was a (political) war of movement in the French Revolution and a long war of position from 1815 to 1870. In the present epoch, the war of movement took place politically from March igi7 to March 1921; this was followed by a war of position whose representative—both practical (for Italy) and ideological (for Europe)— is fascism. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 591

Categorization

• DEFINE: Recasts ‘war of position’ vs ‘war of movement’ as a periodization: 1789-1815 movement, 1815-1870 position, 1917-21 movement, post-1921 position (fascism).