Voluntary Black separation differs fundamentally from discriminatory segregation

Evidence

Du Bois distinguished between voluntary and nondiscriminatory separation and involuntary and discriminatory segregation. Opposition to voluntary Black separation should not come from racist ideas, he insisted, or from “any distaste or unwillingness of colored people to work with each other, to cooperate with each other, to live with each other.” — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 872

Categorization

• DEFINE: Kendi’s three-way scheme: this is the precise antiracist position on separation — voluntary/nondiscriminatory separation is legitimate, distinct from segregationist policy.
• XREF: Connects to the assimilationist vs. antiracist distinction central to the book’s project: Du Bois rejecting assimilationist shame (on being ashamed) and defending antiracist separation. — connects to: Racially patterned residential preferences reproduce segregation without overt racism — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 1783; Segregation yields real psychological safety benefits that complicate any push to integrate — Miles Hewstone and Ed Cairns and Alberto Voci and Juergen Hamberger and Ulrike Niens, Intergroup Contact, Forgiveness, and…, 104; Voluntary local desegregation produced tokenism and arbitrary exclusion rather than integration. — Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of…, 481