US statecraft has long disciplined Muslim American political dissent

Evidence

The suppression of politically engaged, critical American Islamic voices is a long tradition. The disciplining of Muslim American politics has been a critical component of US statecraft for decades. In an era in which the government negotiates with, occupies, makes peace, and wages war against more Muslims than ever before, there is little reason to hope that state Islamophobia will end any time soon. — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 424

Categorization

• QUESTION: Which specific earlier episodes of disciplining Muslim American politics does the author have in mind? The paragraph asserts a ‘long tradition’ without dating its origin.
• XREF: connects to: U.S. lawmakers framed devout Muslim practice as treasonous grounds for military exclusion — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 285; Some lawmakers equated devout Muslim practice with waging war on the United States