Three-quarters of interned Japanese Americans were US citizens

Evidence

The imprisonment of Japanese Americans was implemented “without individual review.” By contrast, “individualized, selective action” was taken against resident aliens from other enemy nations. As the report argued, “No mass exclusion or detention, in any part of the country, was ordered against American citizens of German or Italian descent. The ethnic Japanese suffered a unique injustice during these years.” — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 198 (#complicates, via linked claim)

The imprisonment of Japanese Americans was implemented “without individual review.” By contrast, “individualized, selective action” was taken against resident aliens from other enemy nations. As the report argued, “No mass exclusion or detention, in any part of the country, was ordered against American citizens of German or Italian descent. The ethnic Japanese suffered a unique injustice during these years.” — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 198 (#complicates, via linked claim)

(Just prior to President Roosevelt’s 1942 Executive Order 9066 to intern Japanese-Americans in detention camps, the officer in charge of the U.S. Western Defense Command, Lieutenant General John L. De Witt, successfully defended the devastating argument that the Japanese were not only “alien enemies,” but an “enemy race.”) — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 394 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim
• XREF: connects to: Domestic populations representing foreign enemies were interned in US wars; The US interned Japanese-Americans by legally recategorizing them from enemies to an enemy race.; Japanese Americans alone among enemy-descended groups suffered mass detention without review — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations: How Building a…, 198 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• Japanese Americans alone among enemy-descended groups suffered mass detention without review #complicates (0.80) — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 198
• Only Japanese Americans faced mass incarceration without individual review #complicates (0.80) — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 198
• Japanese-Americans were classified as an enemy race, not merely alien enemies, before internment. #expands (0.78) — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 394
• Domestic populations representing foreign enemies were interned in US wars #complicates (0.75)
• The US interned Japanese-Americans by legally recategorizing them from enemies to an enemy race. #expands (0.75)
• National-security language for mass roundups debuted against Japanese Americans #qualifies (0.72) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 224