The word science narrowed its meaning after the industrial revolution

Evidence

For instance, originally all cognition appears to have been a means in the struggle for existence. Exact knowledge of the behavior of things is, in fact, of extraordinary utility for the maintenance and promotion of life. Yet cognition is no longer used in the service of this practical achievement: science has become a value in itself. It quite autonomously chooses its ob- jects, shapes them according to its own needs, and is interested in nothing beyond its own perfection. — Georg Simmel, The Sociology of Georg Simmel, 2032 (#expands, via linked claim)

So every knowledge was organized into a discipline. These knowledges that had been disciplinarized from within were then arranged, made to communicate with one another, redistributed, and organized into a hierarchy within a sort of overall field or overall discipline that was known specifically as science. Science in the singular did not exist before the eighteenth century. Sciences existed, knowledges existed, and philosophy, if you like, existed. Philosophy was, precisely, the organizational system, the system that allowed knowledges to communicate with one another—and to that extent it could play an effective, real, and operational role within the development of technical knowledges. — Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended, 198 (#expands, via linked claim)

First of all, we have the plural, polymorphous, multiple, and dispersed existence of different knowledges, which existed with their differences—differences defined by geographical regions, by the size of the workshops or factories, and so on. The differences among them—I am speaking of technological expertise, remember—were defined by local categories, education, and the wealth of their possessors. And these knowledges were struggling against one another, with one another, in a society where knowing the secret behind technological knowledge was a source of wealth, and in which the mutual independence of these knowledges also made individuals independent. — Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended, 195 (#qualifies, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Science became an autonomous value detached from its survival origins — Georg Simmel, The Sociology of Georg Simmel, 2032; Science in the singular did not exist before the eighteenth century. — Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended, 198; Eighteenth-century technical knowledge was a scattered patchwork of rival secret knowledges — Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended, 195 (+1 more)

Related

• Science in the singular did not exist before the eighteenth century. (similarity 0.91)
• Eighteenth-century technical knowledge was a scattered patchwork of rival secret knowledges (similarity 0.86)
• Eighteenth-century technological advance was a multiplicity-struggle, not enlightenment progress (similarity 0.85)
• Science became an autonomous value detached from its survival origins (similarity 0.79)

Broader Connections

• Science became an autonomous value detached from its survival origins #expands (0.80) — Georg Simmel, The Sociology of Georg Simmel, 2032
• Science in the singular did not exist before the eighteenth century. #expands (0.80) — Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended, 198
• Eighteenth-century technical knowledge was a scattered patchwork of rival secret knowledges #qualifies (0.75) — Michel Foucault, Society Must Be Defended, 195
• Eighteenth-century technological advance was a multiplicity-struggle, not enlightenment progress #complicates (0.75)