The twentieth century ended doubting whether any relations can be called racial relations

Evidence

The twentieth century started confident about the use of race to designate certain kinds of group; it ended very doubtful whether any relations can properly be named racial relations, but from discussion of the difficulties much has been learned. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 684 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Though there is a clear conceptual distinction we must mark between race and racism, they are deeply connected conceptually and politically. It may be impossible always – ever? – to sustain the distinction historically and politically. The weight of race is at once a racist weight. A different, if related, metaphor may be equally revealing. Race is the glove in which the titanic, the weighty, hand of racism fits. The cloth may be velvet but it is studded with spikes and soaked in blood. Antiracism, it seems, is at once antiracialism, at least to the degree of de-spiking the glove. Whether the glove, once defanged, can be washed of its bloody legacy remains an open question. — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 82 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: The twentieth century saw confidence in racial categories collapse into doubt — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 684; Race and racism cannot be fully separated historically or politically — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 82

Broader Connections

• The twentieth century saw confidence in racial categories collapse into doubt #corroborates (0.95) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 684
• Race and racism cannot be fully separated historically or politically #complicates (0.72) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 82