The khedive shut down reformist societies and exiled members to Sudan

Evidence

For many in Egypt before the Mahdïya, the Sudan had long been a remote place of exile, a natural prison for the disgraced. For Egyptian sol- diers however, the Sudan often represented chances for promotion, rare enough in the military establishment run by Ottoman Egyptians during the reign of Khedive Ismaïl. After the defeat of the Uräbï rebellion, many Egyptian soldiers who had been loyal to the colonel defected from the Egyptian army and joined the growing forces of the Mahdï. But few embod- ied the contradiction between colonizer and colonized as much as Ibrahïm Fawzï Pasha. Soldier, trader, police chief, Urabist, and the most famous Egyptian prisoner of the Mahdï, Ibrahïm Fawzï Pasha became a living mon- ument to Egypt's attempts at empire in the Sudan, at a time when such monuments had become all too fragile. — <cite>Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 500</cite> (#expands`, via linked claim)

In other words, the Sudan helped Egyptians identify what was Egyptian about Egypt, in an idealized, burgeoning nationalist sense; yet one’s presence in the Sudan was an exile, a detachment from home in Egypt, a disgrace. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 229 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

Category: Factual Claims

Related

• The Sudan served simultaneously as Egypt’s penal exile and its soldiers’ promotion ground (similarity 0.91)
• Egyptian rulers exiled rivals to the Sudan as a penal colony (similarity 0.86)
• Sudan meant exile for some Egyptians and promotion for others (similarity 0.85)
• Sudan simultaneously built Egyptian national identity and signified exile from it (similarity 0.84)
• Egyptian soldiers felt the loss of Sudan more personally than other Egyptians did. (similarity 0.82)
• Sudanese perceived Egyptian soldiers as ‘Turks,’ destabilizing Egypt’s civilizing ideology (similarity 0.82)
• Exiled Egyptian rebels were punished by reassignment to fight the Mahdi in Sudan. (similarity 0.81)
• Sudanese nationalism was framed by Egyptian exiles as an untutored model for Egypt (similarity 0.81)
• Sudanese lumped Egyptian soldiers with their Ottoman Turkish oppressors (similarity 0.81)
• Egyptian nationalism combined anti-imperialism with its own imperial claims over Sudan (similarity 0.80)
• Egyptian rulers exiled rivals to the Sudan from Muhammad Ali onward (similarity 0.80)
• Mahdist rule dissolved the Egyptian slaveholding structure that anchored Egyptian social rank (similarity 0.80)
• Egyptian popular culture dissolved the Sudan into an Egyptian backyard (similarity 0.80)
• Fawzï’s Sudanese captors paradoxically cemented his colonizer identity (similarity 0.80)
• Some Egyptians saw themselves as empire builders in Sudan, not merely colonial subjects (similarity 0.80)

Broader Connections

• Sudan meant exile for some Egyptians and promotion for others #expands (0.70) — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 500
• Sudan simultaneously built Egyptian national identity and signified exile from it #expands (0.65) — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 229