The founding text of pan-Arabism was sponsored by the Khedive against the Sultan.

Evidence

It has been credibly suggested that both of these were part of a well-organized campaign sponsored by the Khedive against his suzerain. … Recently, a copy of an edition in book form has come to light, dated 1316 a.h.—i.e. 1898–1899, with Port Said named as place of publication. This was presumably a limited edition intended for clandestine distribution in the Ottoman Empire. — Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans, 843

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the general pattern in ‘Complaints About Immodesty Go Way Back’ about political/identity signaling through purportedly cultural movements, and to ideas about how ideologies get manufactured by patrons.