The F-scale was never validated in isolation from the other questionnaire scales.

Evidence

The F-scale was never used on its own, but always within the framework of the questionnaire form as a whole. (For example, the last questionnaire contained, in form 45, ten ethnocentrism items and thirty fascism items; in form 40, five of the anti-Semitism items among the ten ethnocentrism items were omitted.) The F-scale was therefore never seriously tested. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1767

Categorization

• QUESTION: This is a striking methodological confession — that the study’s most famous instrument was never seriously tested on its own. Worth chasing how critics used this fact.
• XREF: connects to: The F-scale was never independently validated without accompanying ethnocentrism items — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 1767; The F-scale was never validated across differing social groups and conditions. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 1765