The conditions driving the 2011 Arab Spring persisted and produced a 2019 second wave.

Evidence

Throughout this book I have adopted the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci’s precept: pessimism of the intellect, optimism of the will. I ended the first edition of Islamophobia with the hope and optimism offered by the political revolutions known as the Arab Spring that began in the MENA region and spread around the world. In the years since I completed the first edition, there have been periods of rising struggle and defeat. However, the conditions that led to massive rebellions against the ravages of empire and the failures of the neoliberal system remain. Thus, in 2019 a new wave of struggle emerged that is being called the “second Arab spring.” — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 767

Categorization

Category: Factual Claims

Related

• Conditions driving empire and neoliberal failure remain, producing a ‘second Arab spring’ (similarity 0.80)
• The 2011 Arab uprisings were rebellions against both dictators and neoliberalism, not Islamic revivals (similarity 0.80)
• Orientalist denial of Arab democratic capacity persisted through and beyond the 2011 Arab Spring (similarity 0.78)