The African-born majority of Haitian slaves shaped the coming revolution

Evidence

In its second slave era, then, Haiti had ultimately recapitulated some of the phenomenology of its first. Its slave system was cruel and genocidal; its master class made up of destitute aristocrats and others just as desperate to achieve the wealth and titles of noble status; its laboring class increasingly African; and its whites differentiated between the few who succeeded and then absented themselves and the many whose only achievement was as minor functionaries. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 729