Sustained challenge plus WUNC displays defines the social movement form

Evidence

From that point on, the social movement followed quite a different historical trajectory from military coups, civil wars, and revolutions. It also acquired features distinguishing it from other vehicles of contentious politics that expanded more or less simultaneously and in interaction with social movements. Those companion forms included electoral campaigns, interestgroup activity, and labor-union struggles. Social movements stood out from other varieties of contentious politics: they involved sustained challenges to power-holders in the name of one or more populations living under the jurisdiction of those power-holders by means of public displays dramatizing those populations’ worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1128

Categorization

• DEFINE: Tilly’s formal demarcation of the social movement from coups, elections, labor struggles, and interest-group politics.
• XREF: connects to: Social movements show symbolic but not causal coherence distinct from general contention — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1152; Only their joint combination distinguishes social movements from other politics — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1164; Social-movement activity depends on regime-backed rights to endure retaliation — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1178 (+6 more)