Survey wording that implies Muslims are outsiders changes what an item measures.

Evidence

The wording of items was edited to ensure the sensitivity of phrases, specifically using “non-Muslims” instead of “Americans” when referring to how others perceive Muslims as the latter implies Muslims are not Americans. — Naheed Ahmed, Measurement of Perceived Interpersonal…, 101

Categorization

• ADDENDUM: Directly supports the ‘Complaints About Immodesty Go Way Back’ theme that labeling practices are identity/class signaling — here the noun choice itself enacts inclusion or exclusion.
• DEFINE: Illustrates how a single word choice (‘Americans’ vs. ‘non-Muslims’) loads an instrument with an implicit belonging claim.