Supply shifts emptied the slave trade of light-skinned captives, forcing reliance on black Africans

Evidence

The institution of slavery in West Africa has been explained in part by the low population-to-land ratio characteristic of the region, which often resulted in a labor shortage. These shortages encouraged the expansion of slave labor, particularly once West Africa began to be drawn into commercial exchanges with the Atlantic world. The expansion of the Atlantic slave trade in the eighteenth century marked the first important increase in both forms of internal African slavery in the modern era, particularly in Lower Senegal. Slavery expanded again after 1850, when parts of West Africa began to be drawn into production of oils for the world commodity market; slave labor was used for much of this production. Finally, extensive warfare and war-induced famines in the Western Sudan in the 188o’s and 189o’s brought renewed slave-raiding in that region, with all its attendant miseries. Warring chiefs by tradition either enslaved those they had conquered, distributed their enemies as booty to their own soldiers, or sold them into slavery. Food shortages also led to an increase in slaves, as individuals searching for food became easy targets for raiders, and owners sold off slaves they could no longer feed. The French conquest of the Western Sudan contributed to these trends by further destabilizing the region; indeed, the French military openly tolerated the continuing trade in slaves in many of their posts for reasons of political expediency. — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 111 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Circassian slave supply collapsed as African slavery drew British abolitionist scrutiny; Labor shortages and Atlantic commerce drove West African slavery’s expansion. — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 111; The slave trade supplied the cause that turned racialism into the Negro (+3 more)

Related

• Africa’s low population-to-land ratio helped drive its internal slave systems (similarity 0.92)
• Labor shortages and Atlantic commerce drove West African slavery’s expansion. (similarity 0.90)
• African slaves replaced decimated Indians and colonial policy shifted to importing bozales only (similarity 0.88)
• The slave trade destabilized African kingdoms as early as 1526 (similarity 0.88)
• Africa was selected for slave labor because it sat outside Europe’s world-economy. (similarity 0.87)
• Labor shortage and world commodity demand drove internal African slavery expansion (similarity 0.87)
• Warfare and famine renewed slave-raiding that French conquest worsened. (similarity 0.83)
• The slave trade advanced European capitalism while underdeveloping Africa’s economies. (similarity 0.82)
• Capitalists extracted Black labor while letting African social formations reproduce the supply (similarity 0.80)
• Traditional African slavery was often time-limited and permitted full social integration (similarity 0.80)
• West Africans traded widely internally before French rule. (similarity 0.80)
• European slave demand itself intensified African intertribal warfare for profit. (similarity 0.80)
• French conquest worsened regional slave-raiding by tolerating the trade (similarity 0.79)
• Africa supplied slave labor because its region lay outside Europe’s world-economy (similarity 0.79)
• Sugar’s labor demands drove the English to mass importation of African slaves (similarity 0.79)

Broader Connections

• Indigenous population collapse created the labor demand that led to African importation #expands (0.70)
• Labor shortages and Atlantic commerce drove West African slavery’s expansion. #expands (0.60) — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 111
• The slave trade supplied the cause that turned racialism into the Negro #responds-to (0.50)
• Africa’s low population-to-land ratio helped drive its internal slave systems #expands (0.50)
• The slave trade advanced European capitalism while underdeveloping Africa’s economies. #expands (0.50)