Stereotyping of Muslims was constrained by England’s inability to challenge the Ottomans

Evidence

Matar’s analysis of government documents and commercial exchanges show that there was little of this racial or sexual stereotyping. This is in no small part because England in the seventeenth century was not yet capable of challenging the Ottomans. Thus, he cautions that to project a colonial framework back to the early modern period is a mistake. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 140

Categorization

• XREF: Corroborates and sharpens the power-underpins-ideology logic central to the imperial-policy reading of Islamophobia. — connects to: Anti-Muslim stereotyping tracked England’s military capacity against the Ottomans.; English attitudes treated Ottomans as equals before Orientalism’s emergence; Pre-modern England viewed the Ottomans as equals, not inferiors (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• Anti-Muslim stereotyping tracked England’s military capacity against the Ottomans. #corroborates (0.95)
• Muslims were constructed as equals only while their empires could not be dominated #corroborates (0.95)
• European superiority over Muslim empires enabled racial notions of Muslim inferiority #expands (0.85) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 1826
• Seventeenth-century Europeans did not yet dream of dominating the Muslim East #corroborates (0.80) — Ivan Davidson Kalmar, Derek Penslar, Orientalism and the Jews, 181
• British views of Ottomans mixed fear and awe without colonial designs #corroborates (0.78)
• English attitudes treated Ottomans as equals before Orientalism’s emergence #expands (0.75)
• Pre-modern England viewed the Ottomans as equals, not inferiors #expands (0.75)
• British imperial power over Muslims did not translate into oriental scholarship #qualifies (0.72) — Robert Irwin, For Lust of Knowing, 313