State law enforcement of the presumption that Muslims tie to terrorism constitutes structural Islamophobia

Evidence

This was “structural,” or state-sponsored, Islamophobia: the enforcement, through law, policy, or formal state activity, of the presumption that Muslims were tied to terrorism. And in Jihan’s experience as a Syrian immigrant newly arrived in Maryland, being targeted by a presidential executive order upheld by the highest court in the land. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 337

This was “structural,” or state-sponsored, Islamophobia: the enforcement, through law, policy, or formal state activity, of the presumption that Muslims were tied to terrorism. And in Jihan’s experience as a Syrian immigrant newly arrived in Maryland, being targeted by a presidential executive order upheld by the highest court in the land. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 337

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines ‘structural Islamophobia’ as state enforcement of the Muslim-terror presumption through law, policy, or formal state activity.
• XREF: Lends the reader a portable definitional frame for comparing how each national government institutionalizes Islamophobia. — connects to: Anti-terror measures in West Germany extended to suppress legal opposition — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 2755; Law enforcement agencies operationalize the ideology that Islam is inherently violent; Courts treated ordinary Muslim religiosity as evidence of terrorist predisposition — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 574 (+1 more)
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 337