State-by-state abortion reform succeeded in eighteen states before Roe.

Evidence

In the 7 years before Roe, from 1966 to 1972, these groups enjoyed considerable success. Fourteen states enacted more liberal abortion laws generally modeled on the ALI guidelines; and four states—Alaska, Hawaii, New York, and Washington— repealed their laws restricting abortion. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 3085

Categorization

• XREF: Concrete data point for the course’s theme that legislative and judicial routes to policy change compete; pairs with the litigation-vs-legislation tradeoff in the next paragraph.