Social capital divides into bonding and bridging forms that aid cooperation.

Evidence

Of all the dimensions along which forms of social capital vary, perhaps the most important is the distinction between bridging (or inclusive) and bonding (or exclusive). Some forms of social capital are, by choice or necessity, inward looking and tend to reinforce exclusive identities and homogeneous groups. Examples of bonding social capital include ethnic fraternal organizations, church-based women’s reading groups, and fashionable country clubs. Other networks are outward looking and encompass people across diverse social cleavages. Examples of bridging social capital include the civil rights movement, many youth service groups, and ecumenical religious organizations. — Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone The Collapse and Revival…, 48

Categorization

• DEFINE: Canonical framing of bonding versus bridging social capital.
• XREF: Core Putnam vocabulary pairing with learning from trust/mutual-aid sources on solidarity. — connects to: Communities organize around common resources motivated by virtues and cooperation. — Laura Albareda and Alejo Jose G. Sison, Commons Organizing: Embedding Common…, 201; Bonding-only social capital can deepen instead of heal racial division — Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone The Collapse and Revival…, 1291; Bonding ties secure support while bridging ties enable advancement. — Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone The Collapse and Revival…, 49 (+2 more)
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone The Collapse and Revival…, 48