Scholarly representation of Islam was dominated by Western outsiders

Evidence

There is inequality in the treatment accorded to the three religions. Of the four chapters on Judaism, all are by Jews, two of them Rabbis. Of the nine chapters on Christianity, eight are by clerics, one—the most clerical of all—by a Christian layman. Of the nineteen chapters on Islam, only two or three are by Muslims, none of whom are professional men of religion. The remainder are by Western scholars, for whom Islam is an object of study, rather than a source of guidance. — Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans, 1309

Categorization

• XREF: This directly evidences how academic knowledge production about Islam in the mid-20th century Western academy structurally excluded Muslim voices from authority roles — a concrete data point for the representation cluster. — connects to: Orientalist scholarship was overwhelmingly dominated by Western scholars into the 1920s
• SEED: The striking asymmetry between Judaism and Christianity chapters (insiders dominant) versus Islam (outsiders dominant) could anchor an essay on differential legitimation of the three religions as objects of Western scholarship.