Russia acquired its Jewish subjects by Polish partition conquest, not by invitation

Evidence

The Jewish communities in these provinces came into being under the aegis of the Polish-Lithuanian State, which had accorded them tolerance and a measure of autonomy. Through the successive partitions of Poland the great majority of them had passed under the rule of the Czars of Russia, who thus acquired by conquest the Jewish subjects whom they had refused to accept by any other means. These new subjects suffered greatly by the change. — Bernard Lewis, From Babel to Dragomans, 939

Categorization

• CANDY: A neat irony: the Czarist empire that excluded Jews formally ended up ruling millions of them anyway, through the partitions of Poland.