Revolutionary parties split over whether national conditions or international revolution determine their fate.

Evidence

In it Stalin notably spoke of two forms of “liquidationist” danger in the Russian Party: 1. those who felt that there was no chance of building socialism in such a backward country as Russia; 2. those who felt that the fate of the Russian Revolution was entirely dependent on the international revolution. Stalin went on to speak of a “nationalist” danger caused by the pressure of the bourgeoisie in the field of foreign policy, and by lack of confidence in the international proletarian revolution, on the part of “the people who are handling our foreign policy”. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 2310

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s core theory toolkit on how movements police the boundary between national and international loyalty — a dynamic that recurs in debates over Muslim belonging and ‘divided loyalties’ in the Islamophobia literature.
• DEFINE: Introduces the paired terms ‘liquidationist’ and ‘nationalist’ danger as named categories of ideological deviation inside a revolutionary party.