Revolutionary councils must represent the whole class, not just organized party members.

Evidence

There was a prolonged polemic in 1919-20 between the Ordine Nuovo conception of factory councils as organs of the entire working class (including those not organised in the socialist party or in trade unions) and the majority opinion in the PSI which was horrified at this notion. The Ordine Nuovo group would certainly have applied similar criteria to the formation of other forms of council, such as the territorial “soviet” mentioned here. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 2270

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s interest in how hegemonic blocs are built beyond formal membership structures, useful when later Islamophobia readings discuss who counts as a legitimate political subject. — connects to: Revolutionary leadership must flow upward from class awareness, not downward.; Political representation actively constitutes the class it claims to express; The masses stand outside class-based political representation and reflect all classes — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 752 (+2 more)
• DEFINE: Clarifies that the council form, for Ordine Nuovo, is defined by class-wide inclusion rather than party or union affiliation.
• yield-rescued: below the book’s yield-target cutoff, included anyway for connecting to: Revolutionary leadership must flow upward from class awareness, not downward.; Political representation actively constitutes the class it claims to express; The masses stand outside class-based political representation and reflect all classes — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 752 (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• Political representation actively constitutes the class it claims to express #complicates (0.78)
• Political parties create the people and majority they then claim to represent #complicates (0.76) — Russell Muirhead and Nancy L. Rosenblum, A Lot of People Are Saying, 194
• The masses stand outside class-based political representation and reflect all classes #complicates (0.74) — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 752