Representing Muslim minorities in Europe differs from regulating Muslims internationally.

Evidence

So far I have explored the idea that Islam is excluded from representations of Europe and the narratives through which the representations are constituted. I now approach the question from another angle: What are the possibilities of representing Muslim minorities in secular European states? — Talal Asad, Formations of the Secular, 840

Categorization

• DEFINE: Marks Asad’s key distinction between European-international-society representation (regulatory) and liberal-democratic minority representation.