Renaissance art fused Jewish and Muslim markers to create a single hybrid enemy figure.

Evidence

The portrayal of Jews with turbans may have also been due in part to the “Orientalizing” of both Jews and Muslims, who often appear side by side in Renaissance paintings wearing turbans. … Here, Jewish and Muslim imagery is used much as it was in the Renaissance—to create a Jewish Muslim. In the Renaissance, these figures are not Jewish Sarrazins but Jewish Turks—Jews wearing turbans, Ottoman coats, and other Turkish accoutrements. — Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imagination, 244

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the ‘Jewish Muslim’ as a hybrid composite monster figure produced by Renaissance visual coding.
• XREF: Connects to the reader’s core thesis that a monstrous Other is manufactured, here by merging two groups into one composite enemy rather than inventing from scratch.